| Workshop 1b | |
|---|---|
| Course | Arch 200c |
| Date | 2014/09/16 |
| Learning Objectives | Second workshop on orthographic projection using AutoCAD. This workshop covers the conventions of scaled architectural drawings. In it, we'll be discussing the more technical aspects of architectural drawing, including drawing to scale, standard architectural notation for section cuts, program and floor labels, graphic scales and north arrows. We'll also discuss how to place plan and section cut lines, when it's okay to "lie" in a drawing (when we can deviate from strict graphic projection techniques), how to depict stairs, ramps, elevators and mechanical spaces, and how to choose the appropriate level of detail for walls, roofs, and floors in section and elevation. |
| Agenda |
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| Uses Tool(s) | |
ACAD II: Architectural Graphic Conventions
In this workshop we will go through the main conventions of scaled architectural drawing. You will learn about different types of scales and the amount of detail that is included in each of them. Before that, we will go through the main types of architectural drawings, plan, section and elevation. The links below provide a detailed description about each type, as well as visual material for better comprehension.
Plan Drawings
Section Drawings
Elevation Drawings
Important things to notice about architectural drawings.
- Where NOT to take sections cuts
Apart from the common rules that you will find in the above links about the types of architectural drawings, one important thing to notice is where NOT to take your section cuts and why. Do not take cut sections through structural, solid elements like slabs, columns etc. This refers to both plan views and sections, because the elements of your drawing will not be represented properly. The following diagrams provide examples of inappropriate section cuts.
- How to align an elevation
In the cases of drawings with orthogonal geometry, the alignment of elevations follows the Cartesian coordinate system. This means that elevations are perpendicular to each other. However, there some cases of architectural drawings where the alignment of the elevations has to follow a different element as reference of alignment. We will go though two examples of such cases:
- Drawings with non orthogonal walls : If the designed geometry includes non orthogonal walls, then the alignment of the elevations can follow the logic of the architecture as a reference. For example an elevation could be parallel with one side of the building without being perpendicular to the others. In some cases this method of alignment describes in a more eligible way the geometry of the designed building.
- Site feature : Another reference for aligning an elevation could be a site feature. For instance, alignment based on a street.
Drawing to scale
This section analyzes the different types of scales in architectural drawings. The links below, provide information about the typical scales of architectural drawings and the appropriate level of detail allowed in each of them. Moreover, this section includes a link about the standard paper sizes that can be used when plotting architectural drawings in a typical scale.
Architectural Notations (section cuts, graphic scale, labels, north arrows, doors, windows)
Architectural notation refers to a standard set of symbols and rules that an architectural drawing should follow. These rules include notation about graphic scale, labels, north arrow, doors, windows, section lines etc.
The following images provide a variety of symbols that can be used in architectural drawings:
- North arrows, Section lines, Graphic scale, Elevation mark, Boundary lines
- How to register your drawings
The Exceptions to the Rules of Graphic Projection
Standard Stairs
Standard Ramps and Elevators
Large Stairs / Sloped Floors
Linetypes and Lineweights
In order for an architectural drawing to imply three dimensional space by a two dimensional means of representation, it requires proper line weight and style. There are several conventions (set of rules) on how to use lineweights and linetypes. The following link provides the most important conventions considering lineweights and types, as well as several examples.
Plot to scale
The following workflow describes step by step the process of plotting from a Layout in Autocad and how to set the desired scale of the drawing, as well as the proper lineweights and types.
Related
- Analogous 2013 Session
- The above content roughly corresponds with this class session from last year.
- Architectural Poché
- Tracing 2d Drawings in Rhino
- This workflow explores the best practices in tracing existing drawings for presentation or cast study projects. Some of these steps may also be helpful for tracing site photographs, maps or re-working drawings that may have lost vector information. Emphasis is placed on precision, organization and efficiency.
- Making Orthographic Drawings with Site Context
- This workflow demonstrates the process of creating a floor plan drawing with site context from a 3D Rhino model. The process includes cleaning up the output, deciding what information to keep / delete and what needs to be drawn to complete the understanding of the space.
- Best Practices in 2d Drafting - Drawing Plans with Appropriate Detail and Scale
- This workflow will show the basics of creating an orthographic drawing using Rhino 2d, emphasizing the importance of layer organization, using proper lineweights and recognizing representational standards.
In-Class Exercise
In this exercise you will be given two plan views and two sections of a simple 2 story space. Based on the drawings (plan view and elevation), which you can download here.
- Part 1 : Add a straight stair to the indicated place in your drawing. Make sure to calculate the rise and step correctly according to your floor level.
- Part 2 : Assign proper lineweights to the two section drawings.
- Part 3 : Use appropriate notation in all drawings, depicting the stair, floor level, scale, north arrow, dimensions, lineweights and styles and depth of your drawing.
- Part 4 : Plot your drawings with proper lineweights and styles in scale 1:8 and save the file as pdf.